Reasons
Together with the gut microbiota 🦠, humans have evolved over thousands of years, forming complex and mutually beneficial relationships.
We influence the microflora, and it influences us. However, under the influence of a number of factors, these relationships can change significantly. And often – not for the better.
The so-called Western diet 🍟, characterized by high fat, simple carbohydrates, and low fiber content from vegetables and fruits, is associated with a decrease in the diversity of gut microflora and an increase in pathogenic bacteria.
In addition, the Western diet contributes to the disruption of the intestinal barrier, the development of inflammation, and an increased risk of metabolic syndrome [1].
Stress is an immune process through which the body triggers a "fight or flight" response ⚡. However, it has a number of negative consequences, including on the composition of the microflora.
Restoring the composition of the microflora helps to increase emotional resilience to stress [2].
Antibiotics can seriously disrupt the composition of the gut microflora, which can lead to increased susceptibility to other infections [3].
However, antibiotics play a key role in fighting pathogenic microorganisms. Possible negative effects can be mitigated by taking probiotic supplements.
A sedentary lifestyle contributes to the inhibition of the development of beneficial bacteria and a decrease in the enzymatic activity of the gut microbiota.
At the same time, the level of pathogenic strains, such as E. coli, rises, and the risk of inflammation and metabolic disorders increases [4].
Man-made environmental pollution can be accompanied by quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the gut microflora.
Air pollution is associated with a decrease in the level of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and an increase in pathogenic microorganisms.
A decrease in the diversity of the gut microbiota can contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases [5].